METODE PEMBELAJAAN DISKUSI DALAM PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PESERTA DIKLAT

The Implementation of effective learning methods that expected to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning can walk dynamically, so that the goals and objectives of any training material that given will be absorb as well as possible by the training participants. Thus the selection of appropriate learning methods is a necessity in learning process to improve the competence of training participants which is a blend of knowledge, skills, motivation, attitude and personal characteristics shown in behavior and the influence performance of the training participants. Use of discussion teaching method has many advantages, meanwhile, from the aspects that discussed by the participants can grow up even from the outside aspects which discussed by the lecturers. The increase of competence training participants in terms of knowledge is more focused on the understanding of science and to share experiences, while the competence of attitude measured with the change the behavior of training participants after join the training where they more be patient to face the society behavior, also the training of participant skills who have a skills in problem solving in his organization. Widyaiswara as a facilitator can determine the successful in improving the competence of training participants. Therefore the trainers should be able to do their duties in a professional manner with mastering the type of effective learning methods such as discussion teaching methods

Development and implementation of clinical guidelines : an artificial intelligence perspective

Clinical practice guidelines in paper format are still the preferred form of delivery of medical knowledge and recommendations to healthcare professionals. Their current support and development process have well identified limitations to which the healthcare community has been continuously searching solutions. Artificial intelligence may create the conditions and provide the tools to address many, if not all, of these limitations.. This paper presents a comprehensive and up to date review of computer-interpretable guideline approaches, namely Arden Syntax, GLIF, PROforma, Asbru, GLARE and SAGE. It also provides an assessment of how well these approaches respond to the challenges posed by paper-based guidelines and addresses topics of Artificial intelligence that could provide a solution to the shortcomings of clinical guidelines. Among the topics addressed by this paper are expert systems, case-based reasoning, medical ontologies and reasoning under uncertainty, with a special focus on methodologies for assessing quality of information when managing incomplete information. Finally, an analysis is made of the fundamental requirements of a guideline model and the importance that standard terminologies and models for clinical data have in the semantic and syntactic interoperability between a guideline execution engine and the software tools used in clinical settings. It is also proposed a line of research that includes the development of an ontology for clinical practice guidelines and a decision model for a guideline-based expert system that manages non-compliance with clinical guidelines and uncertainty.This work is funded by national funds through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project PEst-OE/EEI/UI0752/2011"

Measurement and assessment of exposure to ultrasonic noise at workstations in view of new regulations

Zawodowa ekspozycja na hałas ultradźwiękowy, zaliczany do szkodliwych czynników fizycznych środowiska pracy, może powodować niekorzystne zmiany w zdrowiu pracowników. W celu oceny stopnia narażenia pracowników na ten czynnik i określenia związanego z nim ryzyka zawodowego, konieczne są pomiary hałasu ultradźwiękowego na stanowiskach pracy i jeśli jest to uzasadnione, ograniczanie występującego zagrożenia. W artykule przedstawiono nowe zasady pomiarów hałasu ultradźwiękowego dostosowane do znowelizowanych w 2001 r. przepisów prawnych dotyczących najwyższych dopuszczalnych natężeń (NDN) omawianego czynnika.Occupational exposure to ultrasonic noise - one on the physical agents in the working environment - can cause adverse effects on workers’ health. In order to evaluate workers’ exposure to this agent and to determine resultant risk, it is necessary to measure ultrasonic noise at workstations and, if this is justified, to reduce the hazard. This paper presents new methods of measuring and evaluating ultrasonic noise, which are adjusted to the new regulations on threshold limit values of this type of noise

Selection of personal protective equipment for preventing hand-arm vibration syndrome

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań skuteczności ochrony wnoszonej przez wybrane rękawice antywibracyjne przy ich zastosowaniu do prac różnymi narzędziami ręcznymi. Wykazano, że rękawice antywibracyjne są pomocnym środkiem w profilaktyce zespołu wibracyjnego, choć nie zawsze ograniczają ryzyko zawodowe pojawienia się tej choroby do poziomu dopuszczalnego ze względu na ochronę zdrowia. Wykazano też, że rękawice antywibracyjne powinny być dobierane do narzędzi lub ich typów.The paper presents research results relating to the effectiveness of an antivibration glove in reducing vibration when it is worn by users of various vibratory tools. It bas bean shown that antivibration gloves can be a helpful measure in preventing the occupational risk of hand-transmitted vibration damage. In order to achieve as maximum a degree of protection as possible, It is necessary to select antivibration gloves for particular vibratory tools

ABSTRACT EMPIRICAL AND MODEL-BASED REASONING IN EXPERT SYSTEMS

Many expert systems are now being written which rely on highly-compiled, empirical knowledge for their reason ing power. Model-based reasoning has significant theo retical advantages. I constructed two expert systems for the same domain, one using large-grained compiled knowl edge, the second using model-based reasoning. The use of model-based reasoning resulted in improved knowledge accessibility and flexibility, and expanded problem-solving ability. Many current expert systems rely on highly-compiled, large-grained knowledge (heuristics, empirical associations, "rules of thumb") for their reasoning power. An alter native approach, model-based reasoning, uses a detailed model of the objects in the domain and the operations that act on those objects. The relative problem solving abilities of these two different types of reasoning have not previously been experimentally compared. I constructed two programs that solve problems in the same domain, with the same objectives, but each using a different rea soning method. GENEX (Koton, 1983) and GENEX II (Koton, 1985) solve problems about the behavior of bacte rial operons, a subfield of molecular biology. Both pro